Saturday, December 28, 2019

The Origins Of World War I - 3406 Words

The Origins of World War I: Domestic Troubles and Diversionary War Drew Miller HON 394: Causes of War 5 May, 2015 !1 Most people, when prompted, will respond that the â€Å"cause† of World War I was the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand—and they would not be wrong. Killing the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian empire was, without a doubt, the spark that ignited the explosion that was the Great War. However, anyone who is well-versed in the history of World War I knows that the reasons for its outbreak were far more complex. Scholars have made legitimate arguments that the war came about because of a widespread â€Å"cult of the offensive,† a complex system of alliances, and even as a complete accident. However, I contend that†¦show more content†¦59. 2 Van Evera, â€Å"Cult of the Offensive,† p. 56. !2 One reason for this doctrine, according to Snyder, was that the military took it for granted that physical conflict was almost always required for the resolution of problems; in light of this philosophy, â€Å"prudential calculations are slanted in favor of preventive wars and preemptive strikes.† Thus, militaries became convinced that destroying t 3 he enemy as quickly as possible was the most effective way to win a war. The common argument in regards to World War I is that these attack-oriented militaries and their emphases on â€Å"first-strike† advantages encouraged rapid mobilization plans, military build-ups, and arms races; this behavior led to aggressive foreign policy and severely reduced the likelihood of diplomatic resolution, ultimately making war more likely. However, I believe that while the cult of the offensive did play a major role in the rapid

Friday, December 20, 2019

Learning Environment And Instructional Practice - 762 Words

Student ratings can provide teachers, administrators, and researchers with valuable information about the learning environment and instructional practice, and have become a critical component in policy efforts to assess and improve teaching. Seventeen states and many large municipalities including Chicago, Illinois, Memphis, Tennessee and Denver, Colorado include student ratings as a key component in formative and summative teacher evaluation plans (Partee, 2012). Several other states and municipalities, including Los Angeles, are in the process of developing or piloting student surveys for future use in teacher evaluation (Phillips Yamashiro, 2013). Advocates note that students are natural observers of their classroom environments, have extensive and rich knowledge of their teachers, and that student ratings can be predictive of important outcomes, such as student academic and socio-emotional development. In addition, student ratings are relatively easy and cost-effective to collec t, particularly in comparison to structured classroom observations, (Rothstein Mathis, 2013; Rowan Correnti, 2009; Balch, 2012) which are perhaps the most widely used method for collecting data about instructional practice (Rowan Correnti, 2009; Partee, 2012; Pianta Hamre, 2009; Taylor Tyler, 2012; Martà ­nez, Taut Schaaf, 2013). Student ratings are often collected using surveys or questionnaires, and inferences about instructional practices and learning environments are often based onShow MoreRelatedInstructional Leadership : The Implementation Of Strategic Planning Concepts Regarding Quality Instruction Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesis your definition of instructional leadership? Instructional leadership is the implementation of strategic planning concepts regarding quality instruction. Instructional leadership warrants the utilization of essential materials and resources, composing effective goals and objectives, and evaluating teacher performance in relations to quality instruction. Guiding and supporting educators with the intention of generating effecting learning environments drives instructional leadership. More speciallyRead MoreRationale For The Model Chosen1185 Words   |  5 Pagescan be of formal or informal category. The observation can also take place in any other learning environments ra ther than the actual classroom. Fellow teachers, instructional experts, and school administrators have the ability to carry out a formal or informal classroom observation with the primary goal of providing teachers with a crucial feedback of improving classroom management to shape their instructional strategies positively. Additionally, observations take place as an extension of assessingRead MoreCollaborative Learning Strategies1516 Words   |  6 PagesCollaborative Learning Strategies. This research identified the application of collaborative learning strategies as well as highlighted the area of the application of collaborative learning. Collaborative learning is a process in which two or more students work together. Collaborative strategies can be used in planning, translating and reviewing the distance education process to have a better product. This source will be useful in my research to help explain how collaborative learning strategies inRead MoreA Research Study On Lea rning Theory Essay979 Words   |  4 Pages Since the history of the universe was searched, the inception of innovation about learning theory was seen as a practice, psychology and science was found in the literature of scholars across the world. 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The complex activity of teaching is divided into 22 components (and 76 smaller elements) clustered into four domains of teaching responsibility† Each component defines a different aspects of its respective domain. Levels of teaching evaluation tools provide rubrics that describeRead MoreThe Theory Of Instructional Design And Technology1711 Words   |  7 PagesInstructional design and technology is a mixture of the designer’s knowledge of learning behaviors that is connected to the human psychology depending on educational materials to best help and facilitate the learning objectives. Instructional design is intensively linked with psychology in terms of variety of theories that are available to put the designers and learners on the right path to learn. The description of those theories give the designers a chance to see the vision and the outline of howRead MoreThe Two Purposes Of Teacher Evaluation1347 Words   |  6 PagesSummarizing the Handbook The two purposes of teacher evaluation are to ensure teacher quality and promote professional learning. In order to thoroughly address how the instruments and protocols offered in the book support and align with the two purposes of teacher evaluation evidence of practice must be first taken into consideration. The framework uses evidence in order to evaluate teacher performance. According to Danielson (2008), â€Å"the term evidence is intended to convey the conversations aboutRead MoreInstructional Leadership905 Words   |  4 Pagesevaluation, budgeting, scheduling, and facilities maintenance with a deep involvement with specific aspects of teaching and learning. Effective instructional leaders are intensely involved in curricular and instructional issues that directly affect student achievement (Cotton, 2003). The writer of this paper acknowledges that school principals should play the role of instructional leaders, not just a school manager. The reality is that are many dema nds on a principals time and management skills making

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Project Feasibility Study and Timeline Residential Duplex Development

Question: Discuss about the Project Feasibility Study and Timeline Case Study of Residential Duplex Development Project. Answer: Introduction This project is based on real estate development project for construction of Residential Duplex with a cash reserve of $800,000.00. The objective of the project is to develop a small residential development in a regional centre that has to be completed within a timeframe of nine months. The location for the project that has been chosen is Edwardstown in Adelaide of South Australia. The land that has been determined for construction of the duplex building has a size of 3000 sq. m. and minimum land allotment size of 1000 sq. m. The evaluation on project feasibility has been presented in the Appendix along with the project timeline. The sections of this report presents the constraints and goals of this project along with discussion on macro and micro environment business drivers for determining feasibility of the project. Constraints and goals The constraints of this project are almost similar to that of any other construction project as illustrated below: Economic constraints: This constraint mainly occurs due to limited budget and due to this condition, the construction system been adopted may not be suitable for achieving the goals and quality of the project. Legal constraints: In construction projects, there may occur various legal constraints mainly related to work law, regulations in safety and plan for supervising the project. Technical constraints: There may occur various technical constraints that may arise from restrictive site area and congested surroundings. The goal of this project is to develop a Residential Duplex with two attached residences in the city of Adelaide. This project will help to complete the construction of a small residential duplex in a regional centre. Macro-environment business drivers The macro-environment business drivers that have been taken into consideration for determining feasibility of the project are illustrated as below: Economic: The economic condition is an essential factor for the construction project as it have to be completed within the available cash reserve of $800,000.00. The price for the land that have to be purchased is $350,000 and estimated value that will be returned from the duplex project is $750,000. Thus, the economic factors associated with the project have to be determined for success of the project. Competitive: The project have to be completed by maintaining a competitive advantage by keeping the costs at a minimum rate so that other builders do not emerge in the market. The project must be completed within the estimated budget. Resourcing: The resources required for the project have to be analyzed critically so that the project is successful and resources are not over allocated for a particular activity. Demographic factors: The residential duplex will be situated in the suburbs of Adelaide thus providing an elegant feel to the residents. The residents will find it very pleasant to stay in the duplex building as it will be developed far from the crowded populace and mostly focused on retired personnel who wants to lead a peaceful life after their retirement age. Micro-environment business drivers The micro-environment business drivers that have considered in context to this project are illustrated as below: Technical /internal expertise: The skills and knowledge of the workers for completion of the project have to be evaluated prior to allocation of the resources. The resources to be allocated for the project must have knowledge on latest construction tools and techniques. Time pressures: The project have to be accomplished within nine months hence there is a need to stick to the developed plan. There is a need to complete the project with quality within the estimated timeline. The builder that has been determined for completion of the project will have to handover the Residential duplex building within nine month timeframe. Other people-related considerations: The project must not affect interests of the people in the location of land in which the residential duplex building will be constructed. The environmental impact should also be considered so that the local residents does not face any difficulties due to construction works. Conclusion From the discussion it has been identified that macro and micro environment business drives have an essential role to play in feasibility study of a project. The results achieved from feasibility study on the project depicts that it is economically feasible as the equity value of the residential duplex has been calculated to be $103000.00. The net monthly rental income is calculated to be $1000.00 that means it is totally feasible to carry out the project. Bibliography Aarseth, W., Ahola, T., Aaltonen, K., kland, A. and Andersen, B., 2017. Project sustainability strategies: a systematic literature review.International Journal of Project Management,35(6), pp.1071-1083. Fewings, P., 2013.Construction project management: an integrated approach. Routledge. Heldman, K., 2015.PMP project management professional exam deluxe study guide: updated for the 2015 Exam. John Wiley Sons. Heralova, R.S., 2017. Life Cycle Costing as an Important Contribution to Feasibility Study in Construction Projects.Procedia Engineering,196, pp.565-570. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Mir, F.A. and Pinnington, A.H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International journal of project management,32(2), pp.202-217. Tamoaitien?, J., Zavadskas, E.K. and Turskis, Z., 2013. Multi-criteria risk assessment of a construction project.Procedia Computer Science,17, pp.129-133. van den Ende, L. and van Marrewijk, A., 2014. The ritualization of transitions in the project life cycle: A study of transition rituals in construction projects.International Journal of Project Management,32(7), pp.1134-1145. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons. Wang, W.C., Weng, S.W., Wang, S.H. and Chen, C.Y., 2014. Integrating building information models with construction process simulations for project scheduling support.Automation in construction,37, pp.68-80.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Criminal Law for Robert Patrick Ryan - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCriminal Law for Robert Patrick Ryan. Answer: Facts of the case: The whole thing began when Robert Patrick Ryan read a novel, in which the legend victimized an administration station by utilizing a firearm and tying up the orderly. The anecdotal looter at that point put the cash in the Irish sweepstakes and won a fortune. He utilized the rewards to reimburse the administration station proprietor and help his folks. This story bigly affected Ryan, who was comparatively spurred to help his battling guardians. Ryan had no past feelings. He had the firearm that was at last in the wrongdoing since he was 14, and constantly utilized it capably. In any case, in the wake of shortening the firearm and cutting his legend's name into it, he composed an arrangement to reproduce the anecdotal occasions, all things considered. He enlisted a companion to go about as an associate and at 11pm they rode together on a motorbike to an adjacent administration station. There was just a single man, the carport colleague, in the station when the combine arrived (Gans, 2 016). White, Ryans companion, held up outside while Ryan ran in with his firearm. He requested cash from the right hand, who opened an attract and acquiesced to his requests. Ryan at that point requested the startled partner to pivot and place his hands in the face of his good faith. The collaborator consented, yet Ryan progressed towards regardless him pointing the weapon. The collaborator at that point squatted, hauled out his hands and pivoted. With the firearm in one hand and rope in the other, Ryan hopped back in astound, inadvertently releasing the weapon and lethally shooting the hapless collaborator. Decision at the trial: Ryan conceded that he was liable of homicide however prevented being liable from claiming murder. His companion conceded to homicide and this was acknowledged by the indictment, however Ryan's offer was cannot. Ryan guaranteed that the executing was unintentional. He told the police "I didn't intend to execute him; it was a mischance." Ryan guaranteed that didn't plan to pull the trigger, portraying his activities as unadulterated reflex. The offense of murder requires two things: the liable demonstration or actus reus (of physically executing a man) and the vital perspective or mens rea, which on account of murder basically requires an expectation to slaughter or cause appalling substantial damage (GBH). The demonstration must be a willful one, and this intentionality is a basic fixing in the wrongdoing of murder. Slaughtering a man while undertaking an unlawful demonstration, regardless of the possibility that there was no goal to murder or cause GBH, is homicide (Ormerod Laird, 2 017). Decision of the High Court: Did the actions of Ryan amount to murder? As indicated by the High Court, the appropriate response 'yes'. The Court re-expressed the precedent-based law rule that a man is not liable of a wrongdoing requiring mens rea in the event that it was managed without the activity of through and through freedom. Ryan's activities, nonetheless, did not fit into an indistinguishable classification of requirement from somebody acting under pressure (ie the danger of power), or somebody experiencing a seizure, whereby they can't be said to have acted uninhibitedly and intentionally (Moore, 2016). Equity Windeyer clarified that: "demise was caused not just by the pulling of the trigger, but rather by many demonstrations of the charged: stacking the rifle, positioning it, showing it, pulling the trigger". It was the rearward in this long chain of willful acts that made the direct deadly. Saying the activity was programmed ought not pardon a completely cognizant individual who, by his own unrestrained choice, place himself in a circumstance where he stacked, positioned, and pointed a weapon at someone else, as per the Learned Justice. Maybe the Court needed to communicate something specific that any individual who utilizes brutality to submit genuine offenses does as such at their own hazard, and will be considered capable if their activities, even unintentionally, brought about damage or passing to others (Dyer, 2017). Discussion on the implications of the case: The case brought about a change as per the criminal laws of the country. The topic of whether there was a deliberate demonstration of the blamed that made the damage the casualty which is the subject of the charge may include one, or both, of two issues (a) Was there any demonstration of the denounced that caused the mischief? (b) Was the demonstration of the charged that caused the mischief an intentional one? This issue is managed for the most part under the theme "Causation" and the general course given at [2-310] can be adjusted where the issue is whether there was a demonstration of the charged that caused the mischief despite the fact that the specific demonstration can't be distinguished. An issue can emerge in the matter of whether the demonstration causing the damage was the demonstration of the expired or the demonstration of the charged where the general headings on causation require extensive alteration (Ormerod Laird, 2014). This is not a situation where as examined under causation, the issue is whether there was a break in the chain of causation by some demonstration of the expired or someone else. But instead distinguishing whether the demonstration causing demise was the demonstration of the perished or the denounced. For instance, the issue can emerge where the casualty is given a substance by someone else that outcomes in the damage caused. In such a case the determinatio n of the inquiry may rely on the limit of the casualty to settle on a contemplated choice whether to ingest the substance knowing the results of doing as such (Yannoulidis, 2016). The issue emerges for the most part where the demonstration causing passing can be distinguished yet the inquiry is whether the demonstration was intentional. This can prompt a thought of what ought to be thought to be the demonstration causing passing and is an inquiry for the jury. It is pointless for a trial judge to raise the issue of willfulness with the jury if the proof plainly recommends no absence of intentionality The demonstration causing the harm must be the ponder demonstration of a man before that individual can be considered criminally in charge of the results of that demonstration (Solaiman, S2016). A demonstration is not think in the event that it was not intentional. To offer ascent to criminal obligation the demonstration must be a willed demonstration of the individual blamed for carrying out an offense. An unconstrained, unintended reflex activity is not itself a willful demonstration. In like manner discourse a man will depict an automatic go about similar to a coincidental one. The Crown must demonstrate past sensible uncertainty that any demonstration of the accused whereupon it depends as causing the harm perpetrated to the casualty/deceased was a deliberate demonstration: that is, a willed follow up on the piece of the denounced. This is particular from the issue of whether the charged expected certain results from his or her demonstration. It is a more principal idea that is worried about the idea of the demonstration itself (Burgess, 2016). Here the accused has raised the issue of whether his/her act bringing about the harm to the victim was a willful one. Indicate the premise whereupon it is stated the demonstration was not deliberate and the proof in support. The Crown must demonstrate past sensible uncertainty that the demonstration affirmed as causing the harm to the victim was a willful demonstration of the accused. In the event that you consider that the Crown has neglected to wipe out the sensible probability that the demonstr ation of the accused depended upon by the Crown was not a deliberate one, you should discover the accused not blameworthy. However, if the issue of what demonstration of the charged caused the damage emerges see the recommended bearing for causation. One of the troubles is characterizing what a willful activity is and isn't. Words like "willed" have a similar trouble - an intentional activity is one that is willed, whatever that implies. In Australia, Ryan v The Queen (1967) 121 CLR 205, the respondent entered a shop with a stacked rifle for a burglary. In a sudden assault, the shop partner got the appealing party off guard, him by a reflex activity to release the firearm, murdering the right hand in a split second. The Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) requires that "murder might be carried out where the demonstration of the denounced causing the passing charged". Barwick CJ. said at 213: That a wrongdoing can't be submitted aside from by a demonstration or oversight is aphoristic. It is fundamental, as he would see it, that the "demonstration" of a denounced must be a 'willed', an intentional demonstration which has caused the demise charged (Edelman Bant, 2016). However, it is the demonstration which must be willed, however its outcome s may not be planned. Was the discharging of the firearm willed in order to constitute a "demonstration" for the motivations behind the murder allegation? Elliot(1968) remarks that 'his response resembled the sudden development of a tennis player recovering a troublesome shot; not joined by cognizant arranging, but rather absolutely not automatic'. Barwick CJ. affirmed the murder conviction on the grounds that 'the demonstration causing demise' incorporated the general conditions in which the weapon was shot. The judge and jury: could have inferred that the demonstration causing demise was the introduction of the positioned, stacked firearm with the security get unapplied and that its automatic release was a probability which should have been in the thought of the candidate while exhibiting the weapon in the conditions. The idea of intentionality is mutable, that is, it is interested in factor and conflicting translation. In Ryan v R, Windeyer J clarified this was principally on the grounds that 'of ambiguities in "intentional" and its assumed equivalent words, halfway on the grounds that of loose, however deep rooted, refinements who have since quite a while ago commanded implies thoughts concerning the working of the human mind (Carter, Brown Rahmani, 2016).' It is verifiable from such an announcement, to the point that the law must work as a regulating science which assesses human direct for functional purposes, and acknowledges working speculations which incorporates free will. The demonstration of putting forth a deliberate expression must be borne from a individual's through and through freedom and can't be effectively inspired or actuated. In Dixon J's judgment he unequivocally expresses that the articulation 'individual in specialist' incorporates 'officer of police and so forth, the prosec utor and other worried in inclining toward the charged' (Turner, 2016). This has been held to just expand 'when the denounced trusts himself or herself to be under weight from the exceptional coercive energy of the state' to such an extent that the states 'coercive power must be engaged'. Consequently, it is obvious that when a man in specialist is not 'connecting with the energy of the state', at that point the intentionality of the charged articulation is not "instigated" and any announcement made by the denounced must be willful. The more extensive decide that Dixon J proposes identifies with the idea of basal intentionality and this was remarked upon by Toohey, Gaudron and Gummow JJ in R v Swaffiel where they expressed that its application is managed wide operation in the Courts.23 The term 'basal intentionality's gets itself from the thoughts supporting the more extensive implying that Dixon J expressed in McDermott v R, and its application is just valuable when identifying wit h people not in a place of expert (Hemming, 2013). The basal rule alluded to in R v Swaffield is 'a rule the utilization of which is adaptable and is not constrained by any classification of incitements that may beat a man's will'. The rule is concerned essentially with admissions which are made under impulse in a way that prevails over a man's will' and expels the intentional part of a confession lists ideal to talk or remain silent. Such admissions fall inside the ambit of the more extensive standard depicted by Dixon J already and they originate from the utilization of impulse which is universal with pressure, terrorizing, diligent urgency, or maintained or undue request or pressure'. Evidently, as per the immediate and basal guidelines of willfulness that Dixon J proposed, explanations which are made to a man who is not in a position specialist and which are not put forth under impulse are expressions which are voluntary. How much impulse is in operation or missing is the essent ial factor in deciding if a confession booth articulation is esteemed willful (Joudo-Larsen, 2014) On the off chance that it is missing, at that point it is certain that any announcements made by a blamed can be considered deliberate as per the Dixon J's more extensive run the show. Reference: Gans, J. (2016).Modern criminal law of Australia. Cambridge University Press. Ormerod, D., Laird, K. (2017).Smith, Hogan, and Ormerod's Text, Cases, and Materials on Criminal Law. Oxford University Press. Moore, J. G. (2016). Criminal Responsibility and Causal Determinism.Wash. U. Jurisprudence Rev.,9, 43. Solaiman, S. M. (2016). Corporate Manslaughter by Industrial Robots at Work: Who Should Go on Trial under the Principle of Common Law in Australia.JL Com.,35, 21. Ormerod, D., Laird, K. (2014).Text, Cases, and Materials on Criminal Law. Oxford University Press, USA. Dyer, A. (2017). Il V the Queen: Joint Criminal Enterprise and the Constructive Murder Rule: Is this Where Their'Logic Leads You'?. Yannoulidis, S. (2016).Mental State Defences in Criminal Law. Routledge. Burgess, C. N. (2016). Critical analysis of the law surrounding" one punch" killings. Rule, C. M., Their, I. T. W. (2017). Before the High Court. Edelman, J., Bant, E. (2016).Unjust enrichment. Bloomsbury Publishing. Barnett, K., Harder, S. (2014).Remedies in Australian private law. Cambridge University Press. Carter, D. J., Brown, J., Rahmani, A. (2016). Reading the high court at a distance: Topic modelling the legal subject matter and judicial activity of the high court of Australia, 1903-2015.UNSWLJ,39, 1300. Turner, P. G. (Ed.). (2016).Equity and Administration. Cambridge University Press. Hemming, A. G. (2013). Is Bentham's vision of a comprehensive criminal code suitable as a model design for a code?. Lynch, A. (Ed.). (2016).Great Australian Dissents. Cambridge University Press. Joudo-Larsen, J. (2014). Restorative justice in the Australian criminal justice system.AIC reports. Research and Public Policy series., v.